Structural block.



W. H. BOOK Ja.

STRUCTURAL BLOCK.

APPLICATlON FILED lAN. 14. :915.

1,296,559. Patented Mar. 4,1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET L ly Z 6 /3 36 &vuan thom w. H. BOOK, Ja.

STRUCTURAL BLOCK. APPLICATION FILED me. H. 95.

Patented Mar. 4, 1919. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 UNITED STATES PATEN T OFFICE.

WILLIAM H. ROCK, JR., OF AKRON, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO GEORGE R. HILL, OFAKRON, OHIO.

STRUCTUBAL BLOCK.

Speclficetion of Letters Patent.

Pateted Mar. 4, 1919.

To all whom it may conccrn:

Be it known that I lVLLIaM H. BOOK, Jr., u citizen of the United States,residing nt Aki-on, in the county of Sunmit and State of Ohio, haveinvented a certain new and useful Improvement in Structurol Blocks, ofwhich the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention 'elztes to cerumic blocks for structral purposes, of thetype produced from plastic clay by means of .standard or approvedexpressing presses and cutting means.

The object of the invention is to provide for making luid-tight jointsbetween the hutt-jointed cnds of the blocks, :s well on the interior :son the exterior of the structures built of such blocks.

The invention has special reference to cellulur or hollow segnentalblocks, particularly desi ned for Sewer construction, and the inventonwill be explained by means of such blocks, although it is not intendedto limit the invention to this specific use.

The invention oonsistscf a structure or wall, such as a Sewer, composedof structural blocks, each having its opposite ends rabbeted or recessedtransversely in the same Jlane and thereby adapted When two similarllocks are alined end for end to receive a filler, which filler may be acellular or solid block Secured in the space formed by the combinedrabbets of two end-butted blocks by mortar or other cementitiousmaterial; or the filler may be of plastic cement or mortor properlyplaced in the combined rabbets; the cementitious matter used in eithercase spreading over into the cells of the blocks and when dry serving asclenches in the end-joining of adjacent blocks; the adjacent rabbets`and the fillers being arranged externally on the arch blocks andinternally on the invert blocks of the tubular or circular structure;the invention being particularly epplicable to cellular blocks, as Iwill proceed now to explain and finally claim.

In the accompanyin drawin s illustrating the inventi0n,- in t e severafigures of which like parts are similarly designated, Figure 1 is aperspective view of an arch block, and Fig. 2 is a perspective View of afiller block for use therewith. Fi 3 is a perspective View of an invertbloc c, and Fig. 4 is u perspective View of a filler block therefor.Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of two juxtuposed arch blocks with thefiller block in place. Fig. (i is a longitudinal section of twojuxtuposed inve't bloclo; with the filler block in place. Fig. 7 is aperspective View illustrtiug the formation of the joint in the arch.Fig. 8 is a perspective VlOW illustrating the formution of the joint inthe invert. Fig. 9 is a perspective View and partia! section illustratiga. portion of sewer or other circular structure built of him-ks oi" thisinvention. Fig. 10 is an elevation of a solid arch filling block, andFig. 11 is a similar View of a solid invert filling block. Fig. 12 is afrngmentry longitudina] section showing au all-cement filler joint.

Expliniug my invention as embodied in blocks` used for Sewer or othercircular work, it is noted that the nrch block is made in the form of asegment of a circle with an outer curved wall 1, an inner concentriccurved wall 2, side walls 3 and 4, a transverse Web 5 connecting theside walls and arranged about midway between the outer and inner Walls,and a perpendicular partition 6 connecting the oter and inner walls andthe transverse web und With said parte serving to divide the block intocells. The side walls are provided with any suitable matching means suchas dovetail tongues 7 and complemental grooves 8. The side wall 3 may bemade with the longitudinel edge flanges 9 and 10 at the edges of thewalls 1 and 2, and the side Wall 4 may have the longitudinal overhang's11 and 12 of the grooves provided with mortar looking grooves 13 and 14.At the opposite ends of the arch block there are transverse rabbets orrecesses 115 extending entirely across the blocks and from the outerwall to the top or upper surface of the web 5, and by preference theserabbets are made straight across. As shown in Figs. 5 and 7, When twosimilar arch blocks of this character are abutted end for end, therabbets or recesses' 15 combine to form an external cavity to receive afiller block 16 whose outer wall 17 is arched correspondingly with thearc of the outer wall 1 of the blocks and its inner wall or bottom 18 isstraight to match the web 5, and its side walls 19 and 20 are made toconform to the corresponding portions of the side walls 3 and 4 of theblocks. This filler block may be divided into cells by means of masolid, as shown in Fig. "10.

As will be understood u on reference to Figs; 5, 7, and 9, the arcnblocks are assembled with their ends alined and mortar is then placedin the space or cavity formed by the rabbets and then the filler block sinserted in said space or cavity and pressed home, displacing ordistributing the moter against itself and the adjacent plane and betweenthe perpendicular ed es of the ends of the blocks and about itse Thelongitud'mal arallel Courses of I blocks are connected by means ofthelateral tongues and gooves and nterposed mortar or other suitablecementitious materi l. n

,It is to be understood t at in the construction of. a circularstructure, the invert block next described will be laid first, and thearch blocks last, in order to efi'ect the lateral union of the severalcourses of blocks entering into the circular structure.

The invert blocks, Figs. 3, 6 and 8, are precisely the same inConstruction as the areh blocks, excepting that the rabbets or rccesscsinstead of extending from the outside inwardly, are ,extended from theinside outwardly, and the filler blocks are applied on the insideinstead of on the outside. Each invert block has the outer wall 22, thein- Aner wall 23, the side walls l ltand 25, the

anYerseweb 26 connecting the side walls, e perpendicular parttion 27,connecting thefnner and outer ,walls anrlthe transverse web,,thedovetail tongue 28 and .the ,cqmplementel groove` 29 in theirrespective sides, 24 ad.25, the flanges 80end 31 on the side wall 24 onop'posite sides of the dovetail tongue, the overhanging portions 32 and33 adjacent to the groove 29, provided with the mortar-lockng grooves34; and 35, and the end rabbets or recesses 36 made, as already stated,upon the inner side of the block and extendng to the ng per surface ofthe web 26 and strai t acrossthe opposite ende of the block. he fillerbIOkB?, Eige. 4, 6, &and ,9, for these n eix' thereby distributi g t qrjned and, he ,filler bleeks i' resse home 'e morter n w I I wh eh f it sto be ?hei-med hes a h ..trans se :w

thegjonts, in ubstentially the manner describcd wth respect to the useof the tiller blocks in the arch blocks,

It is to be particularly noted that the rabbets on the arch blocks atthe opposite ends are arranged on the same side of thethe purposes ofthe preformed filler blocks in many, if not all, structures. In thisconstruction the blocks may be laid with the cementitious material 43 incontact with the transverse Web and extending into the cells, thusforming a clench, and st'uck down level with the surface of the blockThis construction is particularl` useful in const'ueting silos Wherethere is no abras m. as in the case of fiowing sewage or the like. Evenfor fiowin matter in sewers, this all cement joint is ully equal toconcrete structures.

I em aware that it has been proposed to cut away the adjacent ends ofstructural blocks' and then fill in the cut away portions with aninsertedpiece and mortar, but in the only instanoe offthisconstruction,of which I am aware, the inner walls ofthe blockjs have been made 'ofgreater'thiclmss than the outer walls in order to provide for thecutting of the recess or rabbet in these walls. Under p'resent practiceof manufac turing structural blocks from plastic clay by means ofexpressing resses, it has been found imprectical to ma (e thelongitudinal walls of different thicknesses owing to the unequalresistanee to which the masses of clay are exposed in the expressingoperation, since the 'tubes or cellular structures as they exude fromthe dies are defiected inwrd or` 'eutwerd in acoordance with thedifi'erences in thickness, instead of coming out straight; and thetendencylis for these tubes or structures to 'split or become deformed.Making the walls of equal .thickness insures the production of straighttubes, without'tendency to 'deflect or curve, and without sp'litting;and as the tube is cut' into block Ien'gths, on its emergence from thepress and while t is still reen, the rabbets or recesses' may be cut;utit will be ebserved that the cutting does not extend intotl'etransverse web on either side, but ends with the adjacent suraces of theweb, and hence the blocks may 'e provided with thefrabbets, or recessesin an entirelyeprectcal way. e

Variations in'structurel and o 'erative details ere 'within the'principle o my invention and intended to be included in the claimsherein made.

What I claim is 1. A tubular structure, comp'ising segmental blocks,each of which has an oute' and an inner wall, side walls, and atransverse web connecting the side walls, said walls and web being ofsubstantially the same thickness, the opposite ends of the block havingtransverse rabbets terminating with the adjacent surface of thetransverse web and on the same side thereof, the blocks composing thestructure being butt-jointed lengthwise and the adjacent rabbets at eachbutt-joint forming transverse cavities, and a filler block laid andcemented in each such cavity to close the joint between adjacent blocks.

2. A tubular structure, comprising segmental blocks, each of which hasan outer and an inner wall, side walls, and a transverse web connectingthe side walls, the opposite ends of the block having transverse rabbetsterminating with the adjacent surface of the transverse web and on 'thesame side thereof so that when two or more blocks are alinedlongitudinally the adjacent rabbets will form cavities, combined with afiller block cemented in each cavity so formed.

3. A tubular structure, comp'ising cellular segmental blocks, each ofwhich hasan outer and an inner wall, side walls, -and a transverse webconnecting the side walls, the opposite ends of the block havingtransverse rabbets terminating with the adjacent surface of thetransverse web and on the same side thereof, the blocks being laid endfor end thereby converting their adjacent rabbets into cavities,combined with a cellular filler block cemented in each cavity so formed.

4. A Sewer built of structural blocks, each block having an outer-and aninner wall, side walls, and a transverse web connectin the` side walls,the opposite ends of eac block having transverse rabbets ofsubstantially equal dimensions and extending in wardly to the adjacentside of the web and in the same longitudnal plane, the rabbets ofadjacent blocks when the blocks are laid end for end forming a cav'ity,and a filler applied in said cavity and closing the joint between theends of the blocks and forming a clench with such block ends.

5. A structure of the character described, comprising' structuralblocks, each block having its opposi-te ends provided with transverserabbets of substantiallyequal dimensions and extending inwardly and inthe same longitudinal plane, the rabbets of adjacent blocks when laidend for end forming a cavity, and a filler ap plied in 'said cavity andthereby closing the 'joint between the ends of adjacent blocks andforming a. clench with such block ends.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this ninth day ofJa'uary` A. D.

WILLIAM H. ROOK, JR. witnesses:

` W. R. ANDERSON,

H. E. HAAS.

